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Upper Respiratory Illnesses

Often referred to as colds, upper respiratory infections (URIs) occur when a virus attacks the nose, mouth and/or throat. While common colds typically resolve in a few days on their own, URIs caused by influenza can result in serious complications.

What Are the Symptoms?

When someone contracts a URI caused by a common cold virus, he or she may experience the following:

  • Nasal congestion
  • Runny nose
  • Post-nasal drip
  • Sore throat
  • Low-grade fever
  • Cough
  • Sinusitis

When the URI is caused by the influenza virus, patients will usually experience additional symptoms, including:

  • High fever
  • Muscle aches
  • Chills
  • Malaise
  • Vomiting, nausea and/or diarrhea

What Are the Treatments?

Because they're usually caused by viruses, URIs do not respond to antibiotics. Most treatment strategies focus on reducing symptoms. Among the most effective include:

  • Drinking lots of fluids to prevent dehydration
  • A humidifier to keep sinus membranes moist
  • Ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce fevers and relief sinus pain
  • Decongestant and antihistamine medications

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, (OTC) cold medications should not be used in children and infants. You should also refrain from giving aspirin to teenagers and children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.

When to Seek Help

Uncommon with typical upper respiratory infections, chills, fever and shortness of breath may be a sign of acute bronchitis, pneumonia or influenza. Likewise, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting may also be a sign of a serious infection. If you experience any of these, visit a healthcare provider. You should also seek medical attention if you have a fever over 104 F, or if your symptoms do not resolve within a week. Older patients, asthmatics and people with compromised immune systems should also seek an evaluation anytime they develop a URI.

While there's no cure for influenza, doctors can prescribe anti-viral medications to reduce symptoms and lessen recovery times.

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If you are experiencing an emergency, call 911 immediately or go to your local emergency room.